Corruption scandals seem to abound in countries that have recently undergone reform. Despite the proliferation of …—actually causes an increase in corruption. Theory provides no guidance as to the direction of causality—on the one hand, reforms make … politicians accountable to voters, as well as introduce more competition, which should decrease corruption. On the other hand, the …

changes in ownership when analyzing spinoffs and generally to control for endogeneity, selection and data attrition when …

equilibrium in the long run. Resulting from the endogeneity problem of the variables involved, two-stage least squares was applied …

advantage in the conflict or that the joint production process exhibits increasing returns. Nor is there any presumption that …, the formation of alliances tends to reduce the severity of the conflict over the contestable resource. Furthermore …, despite the internal conflict that arises among the winning alliance’s members over the distribution of their joint product …

dependence upon primary commodity exports and a large diaspora substantially increase the risk of conflict. Inconsistent with the … grievance theory, greater ethnic and religious diversity reduce the risk of conflict. The results are robust to correction for …

Recent studies emphasize the occurrence of conflict as a rational economic activity as well as production and exchange … terms of economic utility and in terms of peace than in ^Qcontinuing conflict^R and ^Qobstructed trade^R scenarios. …