dependence upon primary commodity exports and a large diaspora substantially increase the risk of conflict. Inconsistent with the … grievance theory, greater ethnic and religious diversity reduce the risk of conflict. The results are robust to correction for …

thus lessen the severity of the conflict at home. However, unless the marginal return from guarding against terrorism is … security among the groups against external threats and a greater conflict between them in the domestic struggle for power. …

lowers transaction costs. In regimes of discretionary authority where formal institutions conflict with informal norms …

We examine how globalization affects trade patterns and welfare when conflict prevails domestically. We do so in a …'). Thus, conflict is viewed as ultimately stemming from imperfect property-rights enforcement. When comparing autarky with … conflict. We find that importers of the contested resource gain unambiguously. By contrast, exporters of the contested resource …

advantage in the conflict or that the joint production process exhibits increasing returns. Nor is there any presumption that …, the formation of alliances tends to reduce the severity of the conflict over the contestable resource. Furthermore …, despite the internal conflict that arises among the winning alliance’s members over the distribution of their joint product …