This paper proposes a theoretical framework for studying the invention of new products when demand is uncertain. In … this framework, under general conditions, the threat of ex post entry by a competitor can deter invention ex ante … operating system monopolist, by its mere presence, can deter the invention of complements, to its own detriment as well as that …

Patent citation data are used in a growing body of economics and business research on technological diffusion. Research …. “Forward” citations (citations to the firm’s patents made by other patents) have been interpreted as a measure of the knowledge … diffusing outward from the patenting entity. Until now, there exists little evidence on whether or not patent citations are a …

issue, we build a model in which the value of an innovation depends both on the type of innovation implemented (product …, process) and on the existence of a patent protection or not. We obtain a three-equation model that links the values of product … and process innovations to the value of patent protection. This model and the feature of the data imply the estimation of …

is briefly presented. Then the empirical literature that relates Tobin's q to R&D and patent measures is surveyed and new … corporation is strongly related to its knowledge assets, and that the patent measures contain information about this value above …

California law that make non-compete agreements unenforceable. Consistent with our model of innovation, mobility rates outside of … and resources toward firms with superior innovations. Using new data on labor mobility, we find higher rates of job …. Mobility rates in other California computer clusters are similar to Silicon Valley’s, suggesting some role for features of …

This paper describes the geographical location and internal mobility of the Mâori ethnic group in New Zealand between … particular geographical locations. We compare the mobility of Mâori in particular locations to the mobility of similar Europeans … impediment to mobility. …

foreign spaces, reinforcing existing inequalities. Trans- national mobility is encouraged for passport holders from privileged …