We present evidence on the effect of greater numbers of police personnel on crime and nuisance reduction in the … regions, allowing us to use this policy intervention to identify the effect of police on crime and nuisance. We control for … regional economic, social and demographic factors and for national trends that might obscure the effect of police on crime. We …

Two central puzzles about social norms are how they are enforced and how they are created or modified. The sanctions …-costly. Problems in creating and enforcing norms are related to which sanctions are employed. We use our analysis of enforcement and …

— unrelated individuals cooperate only if they face economic rewards or sanctions rendering cooperation a self-interested choice … serious shortcomings because it overlooks negative effects of sanctions on human altruism. Sanctions revealing selfish or … greedy intentions destroy altruistic cooperation almost completely, whereas sanctions perceived as fair leave altruism intact …

People can become less cooperative when threatened with sanctions, and researchers have pointed to both 'intentions … investment and, in some treatments, are given the option to threaten sanctions to enforce this return request. The decisions of … amount that is less than the investor requested. When threatened with sanctions this decision becomes least common. In …

sanctions, criminal penalties for adultery, the tort of alienation of affections, and the self-help remedy of justification are …A long-term relationship such as marriage will not operate efficiently without sanctions for misconduct, of which … adultery is one example. Traditional legal sanctions can be seen as different combinations of various features, differing in …

expenditures. I show that for any set of sanctions that lead to positive concealment on behalf of the criminal, that society can … modify the sanctions to give the criminal an incentive not to conceal and unambiguously improve social welfare. A similar …Society should give criminals incentives not to conceal their criminal activity. The concealment costs themselves are a …

We examine the relationship between casinos and crime using county-level data for the US between 1977 and 1996. Casinos … reduce crime occur before or shortly after a casino opens, while those that increase crime, including problem and … pathological gambling, occur over time. The results suggest that the effect on crime is low shortly after a casino opens, and grows …

strong evidence for females that criminal victimization hurts, but hurts less if the crime rate on our reference group is …This paper is the first of its kind to study quality of life responses of crime victims. Using cross-sectional data …-victims, ceteris paribus. Happiness is lower for nonvictimized respondents currently living in higher crime areas. However, we find a …