Painkilling drugs produce a good called relief which reduces the fixed level of bad (pain) the individual is endowed … the shadow price of relief counts not only the cost of drugs and their ability to reduce pain, but also the undesired … drugs that have a linear effect on pain. Small increases in pain may push the individual to a corner where painkilling drugs …

communication across a large population. The observed preference for personalization over the past two centuries and the importance …

Extending and combining concepts from consumer surplus of product availability and personalization strategies under … will depend on the ability to increase consumer utility through personalization and the consumer variance with increased …