.S. tariffs on the Democratic vote share. The effects are estimated with fixed effects and Two-Stage Least Squares based on data … are constructed and shown to be significant. Overall, a 10% decrease of weighted tariffs leads to a 12% decrease in the …

models. Urban poverty falls and rural poverty increases as initial tariffs were highest for agriculture. Impacts increase …

administering a plethora of new trade rules. The main thrust of the new rules is to reduce or abolish tariffs and quotas on a wide … range of products. Some tariffs and quotas were abolished immediately, but others will not be abolished, or even reduced … continue to face relatively unfavorable tariffs and quotas for many years to come, partly because of the successful efforts of …

Asian countries, and between Central Asian countries and their neighbours (Russia to the north, China to the east, and Iran …’ relationship to the WTO became a more pressing issue after China’s long-running WTO accession negotiations were successfully …