There has been possibility on the new type of corruption done by the NGOs by using the access on the foreign aid in Indonesia. In the other hand, the role of the NGOs in Indonesia is still important in order to gain the social empowerment for the sake of social conductivity on social process...

How can a potential user distinguish between a quantitative model that may be of some real value and one that is not? The model builder rarely provides much help, since most are advocates of their own work and tend to lose their objectivity toward the model. Therefore, an independent evaluation...

COAL WAS DISCOVERED IN NIGERIA IN 1909 AND COAL MINING STARTED WITH A DRIFT MINE AT OGBETE, ENUGU IN 1915. SINCE 1958/59, WHEN COAL PRODUCTION REACHED ITS PEAK, THERE HAS BEEN A PERSISTENT FLUCTUATION IN THE AMOUNT OF COAL PRODUCED IN SUBSEQUENT YEARS. THIS PAPER THEREFORE INVESTIGATES THE MAJOR...

This paper postulate two poverty indices based on a fuzzyfication of the poverty line approach and shows that they satisfy some of the usual axioms in the poverty line literature. It also shows that the headcount ratio is a particular case of a poverty measure based on fuzzy sets. Finally this...

This paper focuses on Stochastic Dominance (SD) efficiency in a finite empirical panel data. We analytically characterize the sets of unsorted time series that dominate a given evaluated distribution by the First, Second, and Third order SD. Using these insights, we develop simple Linear...