through’ the bank balance sheet; once borrowers default, asset prices drive bank capital, and constrained credit in turn …

fixed income unless the value of the bank’s assets falls below a predetermined threshold. In such an event, the debt … obligation is automatically converted to the bank’s common equities. By using a contingent claims valuation approach we present … bank that includes DES or alternatively subordinated debt in its capital structure. We compare and evaluate quantitatively …

in bank growth? The study shows that in those financial centres where the probability of bailout is higher, refinancing …This paper evaluates bank exit regimes in selected financial centres using econometric methods. The focus is on bank … exit regimes applicable to commercial banks in New York, London, Frankfurt, Helsinki and Tokyo in 1998–2002. Bank exit …