China’s growing demand for oil is significantly changing the international geopolitics of energy, especially in the Asian Pacific region. The recent growth in oil consumption, combined with forecasts of increased oil imports (especially from the Middle East), have led to deep concern among...

We investigate the causes of civil war, using a new data set of wars during 1960-99. We test a `greed’ theory focusing on the ability to finance rebellion, against a`grievance’ theory focusing on ethnic and religious divisions, political repression and inequality. We find that greed...

Using an urban land use model in which jobs and residences are spatially dispersed and mixed, we treat the general equilibrium of land, labor and product markets and the trade-off between labor supply, commuting and discretionary travel. We show that the decentralization of population and of...

The relationship between speed and income is established in a micro- economic model focusing on the trade-off between travel time and the risk of receiving a penalty for exceeding the speed limit. This is used to determine when a rational driver will choose to exceed the speed limit. The...

Using nonparametric methods, the paper examines the specification of a model to evaluate the distribution of willingness-to-pay (WTP) for travel time savings from binomial choice data from a simple time-cost trading experiment involving four public transport modes. A formulation in preference...

The paper presents an analysis of the income elasticity of the value of travel time savings (VTTS). It expands on previous micro-econometric estimates of the VTTS on binary choice experimental data by accounting for income taxes, for the dependence of trip length on income and for the stochastic...

Since many rural commuters depend on the private car due to lack of convenient public transport, car reduction policies designed for large cities with ample public transport may be unsuitable for smaller towns. In particular, pricing policies designed to encourage public transport use may be...

This paper uses Stated Choice (SC) data to forecast the demand for an employee Park and Ride service. Since it is well known that SC data contain sources of variation not present in Revealed Preference (RP) data we pay special attention to the scaling of the SC model. The results show that the...

The distribution of the value of travel time savings (VTTS) is investigated employing various nonparametric techniques on a large, high quality data set. When background variables are not included in the model it is found that the right 13% tail of the distribution is not observed and hence the...