the frequently obtained conclusion that investments in higher education are too low are doubtful. The tests also show the … importance of further education and training, especially on-the-job training. …

Parental education is found to have a strong positive effect on propensity to enroll in and complete secondary and … tertiary education, both in Soviet times and during transition, but mother’s education effect have been weakening. A human … significant after controlling for parental education. In Estonia and Latvia, ethnic gap in secondary enrollment reinforces …

scarce, parental investments in their children's education may not be driven entirely by poverty and credit constraints. We … offer evidence that children's participation in child labor and schooling responds to economic returns to education in India …, which suggests implementing policies that raise the economic benefits of education - such as creating more high-skilled jobs …

Using Finnish panel data, we study how entrepreneurs differ from workers in education and income dynamics. We find that … income with all but undergraduate level of education. However, random effects and matching models suggest that entrepreneurs … have lower incomes. We also analyze those who changed careers. Those with higher level of education are more likely to …