Patent citation data are used in a growing body of economics and business research on technological diffusion. Research …. “Forward” citations (citations to the firm’s patents made by other patents) have been interpreted as a measure of the knowledge … diffusing outward from the patenting entity. Until now, there exists little evidence on whether or not patent citations are a …

issue, we build a model in which the value of an innovation depends both on the type of innovation implemented (product …, process) and on the existence of a patent protection or not. We obtain a three-equation model that links the values of product … and process innovations to the value of patent protection. This model and the feature of the data imply the estimation of …

is briefly presented. Then the empirical literature that relates Tobin's q to R&D and patent measures is surveyed and new … corporation is strongly related to its knowledge assets, and that the patent measures contain information about this value above …

2002. In addition, the adoption of new e-business technologies by firms creates opportunities to conduct innovation, either …

are taken into account. The paper proposes a theory of innovation and market structure, showing that the relation between … innovation and competition depends on horizontal spillovers, vertical spillovers, and cooperative settings. The private …

. Uniting Schumpeter's concern for innovation with Keynes' concern for uncertainty and expectations formation, this article … focuses on the behaviour of entrepreneurs confronting uncertainty caused by innovation. Entrepreneurs' behaviour is … opened up by a successful innovation generates a state of optimism in the minds of single entrepreneurs, which eventually …