1970 to 1991. I confirm, first, earlier findings that R&D expenditures are positively related to productivity levels, and … find that the benefit derived from foreign R&D in the same industry is in the order of 50-95% of the productivity effect of … effective in raising productivity as own-industry R&D for these industries. …

country. I first derive a relation of how domestic productivity is related to foreign R&D investments. In the subsequent … productivity differently, in contrast to assuming symmetric effects. Second, the productivity effects resulting from R&D vary … not related to trade. Lastly, I estimate that international trade contributes about 20% to the total productivity effect …

transmission. A model is presented in which R&D investments towards product innovations trigger total factor productivity growth at … spill over to these industries. The model predicts that total factor productivity levels are positively related to both own …