grounds. The first is that they prevent corruption, the second is that they democratize the financing of campaigns by …

those in OECD countries. A possible explanation is that corruption, which is more widespread in poor countries, reduces the … this explanation: people who perceive corruption to be high in the country are also more likely to lean left ideologically … and to declare to support a more intrusive government in economic matters. Finally, we show that the corruption …

corruption on the one hand, and growth and investment on the other, and it highlights the costs to economies where the state is …

Corruption scandals seem to abound in countries that have recently undergone reform. Despite the proliferation of …—actually causes an increase in corruption. Theory provides no guidance as to the direction of causality—on the one hand, reforms make … politicians accountable to voters, as well as introduce more competition, which should decrease corruption. On the other hand, the …

survey of enterprises carried out for the GCR, we find that firms from emerging economies single out corruption and excessive …

’s corruption levels. Examining a large sample of countries covering a 20-year long period, we found robust empirical support for … the fact that increases in import openness do indeed cause reductions in corruption, a crucial aspect of governance. The … corruption is close to one third of that exercised by the level of development. Some cautious policy conclusions are derived. …

Traditionally, national governance and corruption challenges have been seen as: i) particularly daunting in the poorer … undue influence. We construct a new set of ethics indices, encompassing forms of (legal) corruption not subject to … measurement in conventional (illegal) corruption indicators. It is found that manifestations of legal corruption may be more …

institutions and corruption. A simple game theoretic model is built to show that corruption produces a tragedy of the anticommons …. It is also shown that coordinated corruption or 'maffia' behaviour produces a better use of resources than uncoordinated … corruption. …