There are significant gender differences in child schooling in the Indian states though very few studies explain this … gender difference. Unlike most existing studies we take account of the implicit and explicit opportunity costs of schooling … enrolment of boys and girls, other arguments tend to explain a part of the observed gender difference. Even after taking account …

In a model of sequential patent races, it is examined whether or not introducing a patent law in the home country is … beneficial to the firms and the society as a whole given the foreign country already offers patent protection. Before the first … patent race starts, the firms and the foreign country share interests. For a given total number of firms, the welfare effect …

Patent citation data are used in a growing body of economics and business research on technological diffusion. Research … diffusing outward from the patenting entity. Until now, there exists little evidence on whether or not patent citations are a … good measure of knowledge flows. Our paper assesses the legitimacy of using European patent citations as a measure of …

, process) and on the existence of a patent protection or not. We obtain a three-equation model that links the values of product … and process innovations to the value of patent protection. This model and the feature of the data imply the estimation of … a censored trivariate Probit model. We reach two main conclusions. First, the value of patent rights increases the …

nevertheless adopted a litany of utopian international goals for universal school enrollment and gender parity in education based … of these, the Millennium Development Goals, call for universal primary schooling and full gender parity by 2015. This … work quantifies how long it has taken countries rich and poor to make the transition towards high enrollments and gender …

To what extent has government education spending in Pakistan been effective in reducing gender gaps in enrollments? To … gender disparity in access to public subsidy is higher at tertiary level and lowest at primary level, which also reflects …

effects on growth and well- being, and has done little to promote greater gender equality. This paper argues that the example … growth was rapid, it was not enough to produce greater gender equality. A concentration of women in mobile export industries … that face severe competition from other low-wage countries reduces their bargaining power and inhibits closure of gender …