This paper proposes a model of how agents adjust their asset holdings in response to losses in general equilibrium. By emphasising the relation between deflation and financial distress, we capture some original features of the early debt-deflation literature, such as distress selling,...

Municipalities financial distress (which we refer as financial vulnerability) is a recurrent concern of French political life. However, there is no universal and unique definition of financial distress. This paper presents a synthesis of some possible definitions and display the real importance...

Individual Development Accounts (IDAs) are subsidized savings accounts. Unlike other subsidized savings accounts such as Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) or 401(k) plans, IDAs are targeted to the poor, provide subsidies through matches rather than through tax breaks, and require...

Development depends on saving. But what exactly is saving, and how is it measured? This paper defines saving and describes several measures of financial savings. The measures account for the passage of time and for the three stages of saving: putting in (depositing), keeping in (maintaining a...

Individual Development Accounts (IDAs) are special savings accounts designed to help people build assets to reach life goals and to achieve long-term security. Account-holders receive matching funds as they save for purposes such as buying a first home, attending job training, going to college,...

This paper shows the differences between how benefits are estimated and how they are distributed, calls attention to the policy variables that are crucial in explaining certain distributional outcomes, explores the importance of looking at the demand for characteristics when trying to benefit...