Evaluation of forecast optimality in economics and finance has almost exclusively been conducted under the assumption of mean squared error loss. Under this loss function optimal forecasts should be unbiased and forecast errors should be serially uncorrelated at the single period horizon with...

This paper investigates whether individual investors adjust their stock trading according to their stock selection abilities, which can be inferred from their trading history. Fixed-effect panel regressions provide strong evidence that the ability to forecast future stock returns significantly...

Survey data frequently requires conversion from qualitative responses to quantitative series. A commonly cited criticism of the use of the survey data is that the conversion procedures incorporate measurement errors which render the series unusable. In this paper, we provide a novel contribution...