Much of the statistical analysis for poverty measurement regards the data employed to estimate poverty statistics as error-free observations. However, it is amply recognized that surveys responses are not perfectly reliable and that the quality of the data is often poor, especially for...

This paper introduces a tractable, structural model of subjective beliefs. Since agents that plan for the future care about expected future utility flows, current felicity can be increased by believing that better outcomes are more likely. On the other hand, expectations that are biased towards...