The quality of subjective performance evaluation is dependent on the incentive structures faced by evaluators, in particular on how they are monitored and themselves evaluated. Figure skating competitions provide a unique opportunity to study subjective evaluation. This paper develops a simple...

In an attempt to explain male-female wage differential, I estimated the relative marginal productivity and relative wage of female workers compared to those of male workers using panel data of Japanese firms. The relative wage of female workers is also estimated from the same data....