exhibit institutional reform? Which tend toward institutional stability? In any state, private (public) sector decisions are … essential if, roughly, they cannot always be replaced by decisions in the public (private) sector. We prove that institutional … reform occurs if public sector decisions are not essential. Conversely, private sector decisions are essential if …

and to exert pressure on her. Both activities are costly but may induce the lobby's preferred policy. Our paper provides … that an increase in the amount of information that the lobby transmits may be socially harmful. This analysis has immediate …

political rights evolve over time. Each period, private decisions of citizens co-mingle with government policies to act upon a … if and only if the private decisions of the citizenry have a net positive spillover to the dynamic payoff of the current …