Gil-Alana, L.A.; caporale, G.M. - Econometric Society - 2004
-free rate, real stock returns, equity premium and price/dividend ratio, annually from 1871 to 1993. When focusing exclusively on … for the price/dividend ratio. When the cyclical component is also taken into account, the series appear to be stationary … but to exhibit long memory with respect to both components in almost all cases. The exception is the price/dividend ratio …