. Mortality was less sensitive to shocks than one would expect, while nuptiality was especially sensitive. …

-tiered demographic system. A group of “insiders” were able to marry, and experienced both high marital fertility and high infant and … child mortality. A second group, of “outsiders”, were prevented from marrying. Many, especially the males, left the … community; those who stayed contributed to growing illegitimacy and associated levels of infant and child mortality that were …