The main objectives of this study are: (1) to quantify the amounts of both trade creation and trade diversion in each of the countries involved, (2) to explain why the effects especially in Jordan have been much larger than one might have expected and seemingly larger than those in Egypt even...

Over the last fifty years, Egypt has witnessed several reforms and shocks such as the need to absorb a huge influx of new and especially more educated entrants to the labor force. Virtually neglected, however, have been the long run effects of education, including those across generations. The...