have been different, with rising unemployment rates. Disentangling the real trends from changes in measurement and sampling … economically active have both worked towards increasing the participation rate. As a consequence unemployment has risen over time …

unemployment has risen over the period, employment has also increased. Nonetheless, the extent of employment increase was not rapid … enough to absorb all net entrants in to the labour force, resulting in increasing unemployment, or an employment absorption … rate of below 100 per cent. Unemployment continues to be concentrated in specific demographically and geographically …

In this paper, I investigate the characteristics and poverty status of female- and male-headed households in South … General Household Surveys (2004 and 2008). These years (1997-2008) represent a period for which there is an extensive poverty … literature documenting (particularly in the 2000s) an overall decrease in the poverty headcount rate. At the same time, however …

-group) and poverty with 3sls using South African data. The findings suggest that production is affected negatively by between … Kuznets process. There is a significant poverty-increasing (reducing) effect of total and between-group inequalities (output …