declining. Manufacturing has not brought much new employment, and most of the recent rise in manufacturing employment has been …

empirically-proven to help regain employment; this will require systematic and rigorous evaluation of labour-market programmes and …

nation’s potential output. Boosting employment prospects is also critical, as the country will soon be ageing at a fast pace …. Despite long working hours, labour utilisation is only average due to structurally low employment rates, particularly at both … ends of the age spectrum, with some marked regional differences. The female employment rate is especially low, in part due …

Over the past decade, the share of jobs not controlled by the state has increased considerably, whilst employment in … enforced remains to be seen. For the time being, de facto employment protection is far less than de jure, with an enduring … wages, nor are they effectively enforced. During the recent slowdown, average wages adjusted rapidly and employment was soon …

. Employment rates of non-EU immigrants, in particular, are very low, and the problem extends to their native-born offspring …