more inclusive state. This implies raising more tax revenue (without necessarily increasing tax rates) to expand social … protection. It also means promoting an inclusive labour market to reduce informality and increase female labour market …

fight informality. Lowering the costs of formality, while enhancing its benefits and increasing the cost of non …

The Indonesian labour market is characterised by widespread informality. To some extent, these outcomes can be … incidence of informality in urban areas are estimated separately by fixed effects and jointly by a seemingly unrelated …

Informality often arises from disincentives associated with high taxes and a restrictive regulatory framework in both … estimated to have been undeclared in 2005. While Chile’s tax system is not particularly burdensome to business formality, there … reducing labour informality. To the extent that informal businesses also hire informally, there is some room for designing …

, making it particularly difficult for the less educated to find a job. Labour informality is pervasive and turnover high … perpetuating income disparities. The main policy challenge is to improve labour utilisation by reducing informality and fostering …