Recent experience with fiscal decentralization in many developing and transition economies has led many observers to question whether fiscal decentralization undermines macroeconomic stability. In several countries, transfers from central to lower-level governments have increased fiscal deficits...

From 1967-1982, Canada's equalization program was based on a formula which ensured that all provinces had access to national average revenues per capita for a wide set of revenue sources. The Representative Tax System (RTS) formula was replaced in 1982 by a new Representative Average Standard...

This paper analyzes government policy when random shocks affect particular industries, occupations or regions. Workers can freely choose and industry or occupation ex ante, and can relocate at a cost, once uncertainty is resolved. The policy instruments available are per capita taxes and...

Subnational governments are assuming greater fiscal responsibility in many developing and transition countries. There is concern, however, that fiscal decentralization may weaken fiscal discipline -that local authorities may undertake commitments or incur debt obligations that subsequently...