The usual approach to intra-industry trade is to assume such trade arises because slightly different commodities are produced and traded to satisfy consumers' tastes for variety. This paper shows there are reasons to expect two-way trade even in identical products, due to strategic interaction...

This paper examines product selection by multi-product firms, taking explicit account of the sequential nature of real decisions: firms choose product lines before the quantity or price rivalry with other firms is resolved. Unlike most previous work, we focus on demand side strategic...

This paper develops a model where rivalry of oligopolistic firms serves as an independent cause of international trade. The model shows how such rivalry naturally gives rise to "dumping" of output in foreign markets, and show such dumping can be reciprocal -- there may be two-way trade in the...

The paper examines the interaction between a resource-exporting and a resource-importing country. The exporter chooses an optimal depletion rate and decides the allocation of the extracted resource between exports and domestic use. Optimal management from a national view entails inefficiency...

Under what circumstances would Adam Smith's statement "the division of labour is limited by the extent of the market" be valid. This paper shows the validity of Smith's law depends not on increasing returns to scale, but on the effect of scale on economies of scope (i.e. cost complementarities...

This paper examines an industry where output is determined collusively, with output shares allocated on the basis of relative capacity. Capacity is chosen non-cooperatively, providing an apparently clear incentive for firms to install excess capacity. Although excess capacity equilibria (ECE)...

Efficient second best pricing is examined for a public enterprise facing two distortions: a profit constraint and imperfect competition. We suggest a measure of downstream industry distortion for efficient pricing. The pricing rule constrains two elements: the shadow value of public profit and...

This paper examines the incentives for using tariffs to extract monopoly rents from imperfectly competitive foreign firms. Using a simple Stackelberg entry deterrence model, the rent-extracting policy is attractive if the foreign firm faces a threat of domestic entry. Despite transportation...