This paper presents a number of approaches to estimate returns to scale properties of general multiple-input muliple-output technologies. Both qualitative scale efficiency-properties and quantitative scale elasticity-properties are covered. The estimation approaches considered are based on data...

: In many countries, governments grant different capital subsidies to the business sector in order to promote growth. Also the EU, provides this type of subsidies. As De Long and Summers (1991) suggest there might be market failure justifications for public subsidisation of firms. However,...

The purpose of this study is to identify key institutional determinants of firm emergence and growth. We do this using various types of data from Sweden, a country, which until a recent turnaround, experienced a prolonged period of substandard economic performance. A characterization of a number...

En trend i de ledande industriländerna mot mindre enheter och ett stort jobbskapande netto i små, nya och snabbväxande företag betyder att entreprenörskapet i dag är betydligt viktigare än tidigare. Samtidigt har Sverige långsiktigt haft en svag tillväxt relativt andra länder och ett...

This study analyses how regional policy, which was introduced around 1970, has affected regional growth of real per capita incomes in Sweden in the post-war period. The study shows: (a) that real per capita incomes in Swedish counties have converged since 1945, (b) support counties have not...

Governments all over the world grant different types of subsidies to firms which are said to have a lack-of-capital problem. However, it is unclear if governments have the information and motivation to target firms which have problems to finance profitable project via the private capital...

Abstract: Following a severe contraction in the early 1990s, the Swedish economy accumulated a strong record of output growth coupled with a disappointing performance in the labor market. As of 2005, hours worked per person 20–64 years of age are 10.5 percent below the 1990 peak and a mere one...

This paper studies welfare effects of uniform production subsidies in oligopoly markets, comparing cases of asymmetric and symmnetric costs. Cost asymmetry reduces the impact if the demand function is concave and magnifies the impact if demand is convex.

This study analyzes under what labor- and product-market structures a firm may hire more labor than needed to produce its profit maximizing output. Three labor-market structures are studied: (1) decentralized (firm-specific unions), (2) one-sided centralization (central union and several firms),...

Vietnam has witnessed a dynamic restructuring of its non-state enterprises since the initiation of market reforms in the late 1980s. Based on the results of 371 private sector enterprises surveyed in 1991 and 1997, this paper analyses the transformation of one category of resurveyed enterprises...