This paper proposes that individuals care about the relative income of proximate reference groups. Making use of self …-reported life satisfaction as a proxy for unobservable utility, the relative income of siblings is tested for relevance as a … reference point for new sample data from Venezuela. Having greater perceived income than one's siblings is found to be …

Over the past decade (2003-12), Latin America has experienced strong income growth and a notable reduction in income … of such a decline, and this paper presents evidence of stagnation in the pace of reduction of income inequality in Latin … the impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Mexico and Central America, where inequality rose after 2010 as labor income …

Bolivia is a lower-middle income country, but one of the poorest in South America, with a per capita GNI of US$ 5 …

Egypt is a lower-middle-income country with a GNI per capita (PPP) of US$ 5,654 in 2012. Since the Arab Spring, Egypt …

OECD member states and other middle-income countries. The health financing system was fragmented, with four separate …