The authors address the question of state militarization under conditions of ethnic and other diversity."Primordialist"claims about ancient hatreds, fear, and insecurity in such societies would lead one to expect that fractionalization, polarization, and ethno-nationalist exclusion would prompt...

Governments can significantly reduce earthquake mortality by implementing and enforcing quake-proof construction regulation. The authors examine why many governments do not. Contrary to intuition, controlling for the strength and location of actual earthquakes, mortality is lower in countries...

This paper assesses the empirical relevance of various conjectures about what determined whether creditors would issue loans to developing countries in the 1980s. With the onset of the debt crisis, private creditors began to honour debtors who improved economic performance and policies. Private...