We analyse whether tests of PPP exhibit erratic behaviour (as previously reported by Caporale et al., 2003) even when (possibly unwarranted) homogeneity and proportionality restrictions are not imposed, and trivariate cointegration (stage-three) tests between the nominal exchange rate, domestic...

This paper examines whether, in addition to standard unit root and cointegration tests,panel approaches also produce test statistics behaving erratically when applied to PPP. We show that if appropriate tests (which are robust to cross-sectional dependence and more powerful) are used, any...