A pollution haven may arise if environmental stringency differs between countries, when capital is mobile, and when trade rules allow firms to relocate and still sell their products to the same customers. This cohesive volume analyzes how country characteristics determine environmental rules,...

This paper examines major business environmental changes influencing a strategic shift of automobile manufacturing firms in Turkey. Within a conceptual model consisting of environmental forces, strategic shift, and mediating variables, including firm size, ownership pattern, and market entry...