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This Selected Issues paper provides a preliminary view on Afghanistan’s external competitiveness through a review of some macroeconomic, microeconomic, and institutional indicators. It discusses the rebuilding of domestic revenue, and analyzes the macroeconomic impact of the drug economy and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014405035
Gender inequality, conflict and fragility are key challenges to sustainable development. They are inextricably linked …: unequal gender relations can drive conflict and violence, while women’s active participation in decision-making contributes to … gender equality into programming in fragile and conflict-affected settings. It focuses on engaging men and boys and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012060838
enforcement of long-term illegal trade relations, and may even provide an effective enforcement mechanism for occasional (one …-shot) illegal transactions, which would not be enforceable otherwise. -- Law enforcement ; Self-reporting ; Corruption ; Crime …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10001600084
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10000994164
In an era defined by the urgent climate crisis, unpredictable weather patterns and increasingly frequent natural disasters, ensuring infrastructure resilience to such events is paramount. This report discusses ways of enhancing government capacities to prevent, react and rebuild, thereby...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014568484
The earmarking (or setting aside) of revenues from various taxes for specific types of expenditure is a much maligned fiscal practice. The paper examines a number of theoretical arguments and institutional circumstances under which earmarking (even widespread earmarking) may be welfare...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396276
Fiscal sustainability is one of several policy objectives that Afghanistan is expected to achieve in the context of the Poverty Reduction Growth Facility-supported program. There is a need to develop a comprehensive financial sector strategy aimed at deepening financial intermediation and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014406866
Keeping a good disciplinary climate is a key to student learning and well-being. Disciplinary norms need to be clearly established and applied fairly and consistently. Yet, strictness alone cannot optimise student outcomes: students need support and understanding.
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012454656
Driving while impaired by drugs – whether licit or illicit – has emerged as an important road safety issue. This report provides a state-of-the-art review of the role and impact of drugs in road accident risk. It reviews the legislation, deterrence and roadside detection practices in member...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012442820
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