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Wagner's law and augmented Wagner's law in EU-27. A time-series analysis on stationarity, cointegration and causality

Magazzino, Cosimo - Volkswirtschaftliche Fakultät, … - 2010

The relationship between public expenditure and aggregate income has long been debated in economic literature. According to Wagner, expenditure is an endogenous factor or an outcome. On the other hand, Keynes considered public expenditure as an exogenous factor to be used as a policy instrument...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008694002

A comparison of nominal regression and logistic regression for contingency tables, including the 2 × 2 × 2 case in causality

Colignatus, Thomas - Volkswirtschaftliche Fakultät, … - 2007

, and the question arises how the recently proposed concept of nominal correlation and regression (NCR) relates to it. (1 … regressions, NRC may show that the correlation still is low. (5) Risk difference regression may be a bridge to understand more …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005837360

Correlation and regression in contingency tables. A measure of association or correlation in nominal data (contingency tables), using determinants

Colignatus, Thomas - Volkswirtschaftliche Fakultät, … - 2007

Nominal data currently lack a correlation coefficient, such as has already defined for real data. A measure is possible … association matrix. If that matrix is also positive semi-definite (PSD) then it is a proper correlation matrix. The overall … correlation then is R = f[R] where f can be chosen to impose PSD-ness. An option is to use f[R] = Sqrt[1 - det[R]]. However, for …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005621267

A measure of association (correlation) in nominal data (contingency tables), using determinants

Colignatus, Thomas - Volkswirtschaftliche Fakultät, … - 2007

Nominal data currently lack a correlation coefficient, such as has already defined for real data. A measure is possible … contingency matrix, we can construct a matrix of pairwise correlations R so that the overall correlation is f[R]. An option is to … take the maximal multiple correlation within R. …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005621531

The 2 x 2 x 2 case in causality, of an effect, a cause and a confounder. A cross-over’s guide to the 2 x 2 x 2 contingency table

Colignatus, Thomas - Volkswirtschaftliche Fakultät, … - 2007

Basic causality is that a cause is present or absent and that the effect follows with a success or not. This happy state of affairs becomes opaque when there is a third variable that can be present or absent and that might be a seeming cause. The 2 x 2 x 2 layout deserves the standard name of...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005789473