lender of last resort. The lesson of Sweden's history of crises under the classical specie standard is that a transitional …

This report discusses Poland's experience along five dimensions. These five dimensions - a pentagon of policies and … institutions are governing, sustaining, connecting, growing, and including. The main lessons from Poland and the key insights for … its future, based on this pentagon, are presented in the lessons and insights summarized in this report. Poland …

last six months: Despite impressive progress towards sustainability, Poland's coal-dominated energy sector imposes heavy … global environmental benefits are accounted for. Poland is moving in the right direction on energy transition with its …

Poland's economic development story is one of success: since the early 1990s, the country has transitioned to a market …-income trap and increasing the resilience of its economy. Poland has sustained strong growth over the past three decades, making … considerable gap in both productivity and income convergence when compared with aspirational peers. Poland successfully …

Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Germany and Belgium during 1930-1948, using unique data from the Stockholm Stock Exchange …