Can longer working lives bring sufficient tax revenues to pay for the growing public health and care expenditure that longer lifetimes cause? We review studies concerning retirement decisions and pension policies, the role of mortality in health and long-term care costs, and errors in mortality...

This study investigates the impact that pension policy measures aiming to extend working lives have on working lives, retirement ages and income distribution, as well as on the fiscal sustainability of the earnings-related pension system and public finances. Our research report is divided into...

All practical evaluations of fiscal sustainability that include the effects of population ageing must utilize demographic forecasts. It is well known that such forecasts are uncertain, and that has been taken into account in some studies by using stochastic population projections jointly with...

This study analyzes the sustainability implications of demographic and investment risks in the Finnish private sector pension system (TyEL). The results show that current contribution rate is likely to be too low to finance the future higher expenditure. The main sustainability problem is not,...

We analyze how changes in the mandatory pension system and the increasing life expectancy will affect the need for private retirement savings in Finland. The time horizon we consider is that of current young generations. We discuss private retirement savings from the point of view households,...

This study analyses how pension policy reforms that aim at lengthening working careers impact working careers, income distribution, and fiscal sustainability of both the earnings-related pension system and overall public finances. The research focuses on the economic outcomes of increasing the...

A major reform in the Finnish private-sector earnings-related pension system came into effect on January 1st, 2005. It was negotiated in 2001 2002 between the central organisations of employers and trade unions and representatives of the central government. This paper describes the reform and...

In non-financial defined contribution (NDC) pension systems the contribution rate is kept at a constant level. A key element is the balance mechanism which is automatically applied if the finances appear insufficient. The balance mechanism is based on the ratio of assets to liabilities. When the...