This paper describes the main features of a model developed for forecasting economic developments, energy demand and … losses induced by EU climate policy in 2008-2012 will be more severe in a small open energy intensive economy like Finland … volume in Finland will be strongest in the energy intensive industrial sec-tors which belong to the EU emission trading …

are determined in the model by economic growth and weather conditions. Output growth especially in the energy intensive … countries and Finland as well as for simulating the economic impacts of EU climate change policies. Energy demand and emissions … industry determines the consumption of electricity and thus a major part of the CO2 emissions in energy production. Air …

Energy industries in Russia and in Northwest Russia in particular are of the utmost importance and occupy the largest … Russian energy exports. It means that the appropriate infrastructure and potential to establish processing facilities are … created in this area. Energy industries play also an important role as essential suppliers for many local producers. As many …

Russia prices its energy commodities domestically much lower than the prices prevailing in the international market …. First, being a major exporter of energy commodities and having considerable monopolistic market power, the country is able … to use its supply in order to influence the international energy prices. A rational way to channel this rent to the …

Finnish and Russian energy clusters widely use resources and competences of each other. They can be considered as a … concrete energy clusters cooperation, summarises the main reasons, benefits and barriers for their cooperation, and imposes …

differences also exist between the scalability of different services. Since 2007, employment growth has been the fastest in the … location-dependent services. The real growth of value added and the increase of productivity, however, have been concentrated …

In this paper, we examine firm innovation and its link to firm growth. Instead of using the conventional … innovation activity all have effects on firm growth, but in different ways. R&D activity is important in that it leads to …