Transition to a more democratic organization of the political environment led to the adoption of four laws in 1998 - Decentralization Laws - that provide for local governments' semi-autonomy, and define the overall context in which decentralization would occur, outlining the principles for...

The objective of this paper is to provide practical recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the public financial management system as inputs to the envisaged Armenian public financial management (PFM) reform strategy. The paper aims at providing a comprehensive analysis of most of the...

The "Public Service Unit" (PSU), or shiye danwei, is one of the four categories of public sector institutions in China. The country has more than one million public service units (PSUs), or shiye danwei, with a labor force of around 30 million. Most PSUs were created as public service providers....

The objective of this paper is to provide practical recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the public financial management system as inputs to the envisaged Armenian public financial management (PFM) reform strategy. The paper aims at providing a comprehensive analysis of most of the...

Ghana has developed a "New Approach to Public Sector Reform", which seeks to focus reforms on results, particularly the delivery of the Government's main priorities for (i) job creation and (ii) food production, distribution and processing. The impetus for the reform is being led from the center...

This study focuses on the implications of East Timor's transitions from United Nations administration to Independence, from reconstruction to development and from aid dependence to fiscal independence for public expenditure policy and management. Following an assessment of the existing systems...