capacity is only available at elevated costs, Chinese power generators could turn to the global trade markets and increase … marginal costs of steam coal supply in Europe. <p> Increasing Chinese demand for steam coal will lead to a growing need for … impact on long run marginal costs of supply for Europe and the US but significant effects for China. …

within the framework of the considered scenarios. Finally, system costs and electricity prices are clearly higher. <p> We …

sector. We especially consider the secured generation capacity of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind. <p …> Our results show that, even though intermittent renewables only provide very limited secured generation capacity, security … of electricity supply in Germany can be assured until 2015. In the long term, the need for backup capacity for renewable …

energy on the cost-minimal power plant mix and the related total system costs. To determine optimal conventional, renewable … of fluctuating renewables and underestimation of total system costs compared to deterministic investment and dispatch …

drivers of these price peaks. This paper is concerned with the costs of steam coal allocation in the seaborne market and their … therefore allows to analyse the effects of input price escalation on marginal costs in detail. Since 2005 input prices of … commodities used in coal mining and bulk carrier freight rates increased significantly, causing marginal costs to rise. However …

in a transformation to a primarily renewable based electricity system. Due to the relatively high investment costs …

heating sector. By accounting for household behavior, we find that welfare-based abatement costs are generally higher than … pure technical equipment costs. Our results are based on a microsimulation of private households' investment decision for … which allows investigating the welfare costs of different abatement policies in terms of the compensating variation and the …