Der Wechsel von Wissenschaftlern zwischen öffentlicher und privatwirtschaftlicher Forschung wird gemeinhin als innovationsfördernd angesehen. Zugleich gilt die Durchlässigkeit des deutschen Forschungssystems im internationalen Vergleich als niedrig. Woran liegt es, dass deutsche...

We present quantitative and qualitative evidence (field research) on university technology transfer offices (TTOs). These offices negotiate licensing agreements with firms to commercialize university-based technologies. A stochastic frontier production function framework is used to assess the...

The local academic science base plays a dominant role in determining where and when biotechnology is adopted by existing firms or -- much more frequently -- exploited by new entrants in the U.S. In Japan this new dominant technology has almost exclusively been introduced through organizational...

I study knowledge spillovers, positive externalities that augment the information set of an economic agent, and reviews the evidence on such spillovers in the context of international economic transactions. Even though spillovers are by their very nature difficult to identify, over recent...