Besides analyzing capitalist societies historically and think them in terms of phases or stages, we may compare different models or varieties of capitalism. In this work I make a survey of the literature on this subject, distinguish the classification that have a production or business approach...

Democracy became the preferred and consolidated form of government only in the twentieth century. It is not sufficient to explain this change solely by reference to rational motives, nor by detecting processes and leadership. A historical approach is required. The new historical fact that led to...

New developmentalism may be seen as a specific set of policies (a national development strategy), or as a broader the theory behind (structuralist development economics) and the corresponding developmental state. Seen in the later sense, as Weberian ideal type, this paper compares new...

This paper surveys the recent literature on modernity and on postmodernity and relates them with the neoliberal ideology that for thirty years was dominant in the world. In relation to modernity, it claims that major sociologists were not neoliberal, but their theories depicted a provisory...

Modern societies cannot anymore be just defined as classical or bourgeois capitalism. Since the emergence of a second relation of production and a third social class in capitalist societies, they are mixed societies where two forms of property – capital and organization – are present. That...

The capitalist revolution was such a major economic, social and political transformation that that we can see history divided into two phases: ancient and modern times or pre-capitalism and capitalism. While ancient societies change slowly, modern societies change fast as they, for the first...

In the relations between society and the state, the two forms of politically organized societies – the nation and civil society – play a key role, as also do class coalitions and political pacts. The relation between both is dialectical, but, initially, the state exerts more influence on the...