alternatives for firms, the further development of securitisation, wider use of credit guarantee schemes and actions to address …

of Jordan, this report focuses on cyclical and structural aspects of corporate and SME lending, and investigates the … actions of Jordanian banks taken during COVID-19. The impact of the pandemic on credit supply has been relatively contained …

During the pandemic, African banks rebalanced their portfolio towards sovereign assets, and crowding out of credit to … private sector intensified. Policy support, however, averted a credit crunch. The increase in public debt across Africa due to … the COVID-19 crisis intensified crowding out of credit to the private sector. As the economic recovery got underway …

available to the EIB in Russia, the study also examines the needs for risk-bearing instruments as well as SME loan guarantees …

are constraining the development of the SME sector. In addition the study addresses the funding needs of the … intermediaries that specialize in SME financing and examines the potential for different types of financial products including equity …