credit crunch. Evidence of an increased sovereign-bank nexus highlights risks to macro-financial stability, especially as …

. This paper provides an overview of the drivers of the stagnation of bank lending in Europe and discuss four main areas of … opportunity for mitigating potential bank lending constraints: the further development of direct capital market financing …

Using newly collected data from the EIB Bank Lending Survey, carried out by the EIB with support from the Central Bank …