Uses a bilateral trade gravity model to evaluate the effects of freedom of association and collective bargaining (FACB) rights on exports. Finds robust relationships between stronger FACB rights and higher total manufacturing exports.

Provides a method of constructing an indicator of violations of freedom of association and collective bargaining rights, as defined in ILO Conventions. Compares the method with other indicators related to trade union rights constructed by the OECD and the Freedom House organization. Argues that...

Uses a gravity trade model to estimate the effects of child labour and education on exports from 1993 to 1999, evaluating total exports, total manufacturing exports and manufacturing exports broken down by labour and skill intensity of production using four different classifications of...