This paper reviews the literature on gender and culture. Gender gaps in various outcomes (competitiveness, labor force … literature has argued that gender differences in a variety of outcomes could reflect underlying cultural values and beliefs. This … article reviews the literature on the relevance of culture in the determination of different forms of gender gap. I examine …

, sociologists and the general public believe that women work more. The widespread average equality does not arise from gender … in total work time—work for pay and work at home. In rich non-Catholic countries on four continents men and women do … about the same average amount of total work. Survey results demonstrate, however, that labor economists, macroeconomists …

facts do not arise from gender differences in the price of time (as measured by market wages), as women’s total work is … from family norms, since most of the variance in the gender total work difference is due to within-couple differences. We … withineducation group and within-region gender differences in total work being smaller than inter-group differences. It is consistent …

market work--as requiring the most interaction with the native world, and these activities more than others fit the …