-establishment cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to examine segregation by race and ethnicity at the level of …

and pitcher match race/ethnicity. This effect only exists where there is little scrutiny of umpires' behavior -- in … determine the outcome of the at-bat. If a pitcher shares the home-plate umpire's race/ethnicity, he gives up fewer runs per game …

with other skilled workers than with unskilled workers--and by race and ethnicity, using simulation methods to measure … education- and language-related skill differentials in generating workplace segregation by race and ethnicity, as skill is often … correlated with race and ethnicity. Finally, we attempt to distinguish between segregation by skill based on general crowding of …