"Innovation and entrepreneurship are ubiquitous today, both as fields of study and as starting points for conversations … a nuanced understanding of where innovation and entrepreneurship occur and where they matter. Answering these questions … allows for strategic public investment and the infrastructure for economic growth.The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship …

and production of financial innovation. We use machine learning to identify the financial patents and extensively audit … the results to ensure their reasonableness. We find that patented financial innovation is substantial and economically … financial sector, which collectively accounted for 69% of the awards. The location of innovation has shifted, with banks moving …

As an empirical example of this externality, we analyze the innovation induced by the obesity epidemic. Obesity is … associated with an increase in the incidence of many diseases. The induced innovation hypothesis is that an increase in the … incidence of a disease will increase technological innovation specific to that disease. The empirical economics literature has …

opportunities. The paper also provides new evidence on induced pharmaceutical innovation. In both cases we use the change in the … demographic structure of the market (measured by age structure and obesity prevalence) to test the induced innovation hypothesis … pharmaceutical innovation responds to aging- and obesity-induced changes in potential market size …

Global innovation and entrepreneurship has traditionally been dominated by a handful of high-income countries …, especially the US. This paper investigates the international consequences of the rise of a new hub for innovation, focusing on …-ranging positive consequences, including a rise in serial entrepreneurship, cross-sector spillovers, innovation, and broader measures …

While the importance of innovation to economic development is widely understood, the conditions conducive to it remain … relating to the economics of innovation and technological change while revisiting the findings of a classic book. Central to … public and private sectors affects innovation. Other essays examine the practice of open research and how the diffusion of …