The central scope of the evaluation is the Commission’s co-operation strategy with the region of Eastern and Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean (ESA-IO) and its implementation for the period 1996-2007 with the objective of: -providing the European Commission’s relevant external cooperation...

European official development assistance to Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries increased sharply after 2011, ostensibly in support of the social, economic, and above all political changes demanded by the Arab uprisings. The subsequent turn to development policies driven by...