The main goal of the article is to formulate an approach to appraisal of managerial staff activity from the standpoint of manager’s working time as scarce resource and extent of efficiency of its utilisation, and the issue of optimal allocation of managerial load in the control system.

We develop a model of commercial gestational surrogacy in which a childless couple approaches a prospective surrogate, who is willing to gestate for the couple. The surrogate’s care is non-contractible. We show that if the surrogate doesn’t have any wealth, at the optimum, she is always...