. Intuitively, unilateral liberalization by one country has the effect of increasing the incentives for the export lobby in the …

in all world markets and to help secure 20 percent of the Japanese semiconductor market for foreign firms within five … 'affirmative action' for the industry in its efforts to sell more in Japan, but has been criticized as constituting 'export …

cartels have a strongly negative international spillover, export cartels or international cartels do not constrain market … access,' and export restraints were often used to ameliorate trade frictions. Moreover, domestic cartels often have a … positive international spillover on the export from foreign countries. Thus, the recent focus on competition policy from market …

portfolios concentrated in sectors exposed to competition from China face an increase in non-performing loans after China's entry … into the World Trade Organization. As a result, they reduce the supply of credit to firms, irrespective of the firm … financial channel amplifies the shock to firms already hit by import competition from China and passes it on to firms in sectors …

Industrial policies (IPs) include such varying practices as production subsidies, export subsidies, and import … from 1975 through 2000, this paper examines whether steel-sector IPs have a significant impact on the export … find that a one-standard-deviation increase in IP presence leads to a 3.6% decline in export competitiveness for an average …